Interneurones in the spinal cord can usually work independently from descending inputs from the brainstem.

The interneurones involved in spinal reflexes are all located in the dorsal root ganglionventral horn.

Neurones in the mesencephalic locomotor region send long axons that drive the muscles directly, via neuromuscular synapses.

The interneurones involved in spinal reflexes are all located in the ventral horn.

Neurones in the mesencephalic locomotor region send axons that influence, directly or indirectly, the spinal interneurones, thereby determining the rhythm of locomotion.