It involves developing the ability to produce goods or services that, previously, were purchased, or actually buying a supplier or a distributor. 

This strategy plays one supplier against another and places the burden of meeting the buyer’s demands on the suppliers.

It involves minimising or eliminating the environmental impact of an organisation’s operations while ensuring the social and financial viability of the organisation for future generations. 

This refers to the coordination of all supply chain activities, starting with raw materials and ending with a satisfied customer.