A
33-year-old female patient presents to her general practitioner for a common
urinary tract infection. She is prescribed specific antibiotics based on the
GP's knowledge that the most common pathogen is Escherichia coli , which
adheres very well to the surface of the urothelium. The surface of this
epithelium is covered with special umbrella cells that have so-called
uroplakins on their surface. These glycoproteins form the surface coat of these
cells, which help to protect them. What else makes these umbrella cells
special?

Question

A
33-year-old female patient presents to her general practitioner for a common
urinary tract infection. She is prescribed specific antibiotics based on the
GP's knowledge that the most common pathogen is  Escherichia coli , which
adheres very well to the surface of the urothelium. The surface of this
epithelium is covered with special umbrella cells that have so-called
uroplakins on their surface. These glycoproteins form the surface coat of these
cells, which help to protect them. What else makes these umbrella cells
special?

Answer

they may have many nuclei and are always in
contact with the basement membrane

Answer

they are multinucleated and gradually lose their
protrusions which originally touched the basement membrane

Answer

have only 1 nucleus, but are able to change
their shape according to the organ volume

Answer

they may have up to two nuclei and gradually
lose their protrusions which originally were in contact with the basement
membrane

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A 33-year-old female patient presents to her general practitioner for a common u...

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