Chucks used on lathes can only grip on the outer surface of workpieces.

A 3 jaw chuck can be used to hold workpieces in an off centered position.

A 4 jaw chuck is usually self centering.

Straight or tapered turning are operation performed to get the desired outer diameter.

A tailstock (or end stock) is used to support longer workpiece so that it rotates precisely about the desired axis.

A hobs cutter is used to machine internal keyways.

A ball mill is used to machine contoured surfaces and fillets in corners.

An end mill can be used to machine slots.

An indexing table is used to ensure accuracy in positioning when a finite number of equally spaced intervals in one rotation is needed.

A face mill is used to machine flat a large area.

A rotary table is used to precisely rotate the workpiece for positioning and during milling operations.