by fixed position of coil

30 (outside): 1 (inside) for K⁺

30 (inside): 1 (outside) for K⁺

10 (outside): 1 (inside) for Na⁺

10 (inside): 1 (outside) for Na⁺

20 (outside): 1 (inside) for Cl^-

The red and orange focus nearer the lens

The refractive index of the lens is different for the color of light

Various colors in white light do not all focus at the same point

The lens surface is not perfectly smooth

Violet and blue focus farthest away from the lens

wet

low resistance

high resistance

dry

not become part of a circuit

the linear acceleration of a point on the rotating body can also be called the centripetal acceleration

uniform circular motion is a non-periodic motion

when the axis is outside the rotating body, the body revolves

the acceleration of ultra centrifuge is 3×10⁴ times that of gravity

uniform circular motion is accelerated motion

Carbon dioxide laser can treat throat cancer

One curie is the activity of 1kg of radium

Argon laser is can remove tattoo without noticeable scarring

The range of alpha radiation is less than a tenth of a millimeter inside the body

Beta radiation is much less hazard if it is injected

torque

no torque

no lever arm

can not cause torque

a rotation

Break system of a car

Urinometer

hydrometer

Dentists ̓ chair

Operating tables to raise and lower the tables.

prevents burns of body

lower the body temperature

lift thin wall cysts

perform surgery on the heart

destroy living cell

that is normal to the magnetic field

that is moving exactly parallel to the magnetic field

that is moving an angle to the magnetic field

that is no angle to the magnetic field

at rest