For linear elastic homogeneous material, the shear stress along any radial line of the shaft also varies linearly, from zero at its axis to a maximum at its outer boundary. This maximum shear stress must not exceed the proportional limit. / Vir lineêre elastiese homogene materiaal, wissel die skuifspanning langs enige radiale lyn van die dryfas ook lineêr, van nul by sy as tot 'n maksimum by sy buitenste grens. Hierdie maksimum skuifspanning moet nie die proporsionele limiet oorskry nie.

The torsion formula is based on the requirement that the resultant torque on the cross section is equal to the torque produced by the shear stress distribution about the longitudinal axis of the shaft. It is required that the shaft or tube have a circular cross section and that it is made of homogeneous material which has linear elastic behavior. / Die torsie formule is gebaseer op die vereiste dat die resulterende wringkrag (torsie) op die deursnit gelyk is aan die wringkrag wat deur die skuifspanningverdeling om die lengte-as van die dryfas geproduseer word. Dit word vereis dat die dryfas of buis 'n sirkelvormige deursnit het en dat dit van homogene materiaal gemaak is wat lineêre elastiese gedrag het.

Due to the properties of shear, the linear shear stress distribution within the plane of the cross section is not distributed along an adjacent axial plane of the shaft. / As gevolg van die eienskappe van skuif word die lineêre skuifspanningverdeling binne die vlak van die dwarssnit nie langs 'n aangrensende aksiale vlak van die dryfas versprei nie.

When a shaft having a circular cross section is subjected to a torque, the cross section remains plane while radial lines rotate. This causes a shear strain within the material that varies linearly along any radial line, from zero at the axis of the shaft to a maximum at its outer boundary. / Wanneer 'n dryfas met 'n sirkelvormige deursnit aan 'n wringkrag onderwerp word, bly die deursnit vlak terwyl radiale lyne roteer. Dit veroorsaak 'n skuifspanning binne die materiaal wat lineêr langs enige radiale lyn varieer, van nul by die as van die dryfas tot 'n maksimum by sy buitenste grens.

None are false. / Geeneen is vals nie.

It is dependent on the length of the shaft. / Dit is afhanklik van die lengte van die dryfas.

That the shear stress will vary from a maximum value at the shaft’s longitudinal axis to a minimum value at its outer surface. / Dat die skuifspanning sal wissel van 'n maksimum waarde by die dryfas se lengte-as tot 'n minimum waarde by sy buitenste oppervlak.

That the shear stress will vary from zero at the shaft’s longitudinal axis to a maximum value at its outer surface. / Dat die skuifspanning sal wissel van nul by die dryfas se lengte-as tot 'n maksimum waarde by sy buitenste oppervlak.

That its magnitude is dependent on the material of the shaft. / Dat die grootte daarvan afhang van die materiaal van die dryfas.

Que se activa en situaciones de estrés celular por acumulación de proteínas defectuosas.

Que no implica a la chaperona BiP.

Que permite la degradación de agregados proteicos previamente ubiquitinados.

Que supone un incremento en la velocidad de traducción proteica.

Que destruye el complejo de Golgi en respuesta a una deficiencia de glicosidasas.

El propio aparato de Golgi y la membrana plasmática.

El sistema endolisosomal, la membrana plasmática, la matriz extracelular y el propio aparato de Golgi.

El retículo endoplasmático, el sistema endolisosomal, la membrana plasmática, la matriz extracelular y el propio aparato de Golgi.

El propio aparato de Golgi, endosomas, lisosomas y membrana plasmática.

Cualquiera excepto el citosol y el núcleo.

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