Donat el senyal , calculi .
Bajka – to krótki utwór literacki: , często jest wierszowany, czasem . Morał może znajdować się na początku (promythium) lub na końcu (epimythium) utworu albo wynikać z jego treści. Istotną cechą bajki jest alegoryczność. , które uosabiają typy ludzkie, cechy charakteru lub przeciwstawne poglądy i stanowiska[1]. Bajka to jedna z form literackich.
A 17-year-old female patient has gradually developed symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, dyspnea on exertion and impaired performance over several months. These symptoms gradually worsen over the last year or so. She now comes for intense right hip pain. On further questioning, she indicates frequent epistaxis (nosebleeds) and easy development of bruises. During the physical examination, the physician notes striking pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, tachycardia as well as hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver) and splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen). Laboratory findings confirm the presence of anemia and thrombocytopenia. A special finding is the picture of the so-called Erlenmeyer flask deformity of the diaphyses of the femurs. This sign is already suggestive to the physicians and the determination of low activity of the enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase in isolated leukocytes confirms the diagnosis of Gaucher disease. Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disease that is caused by a genetic defect in the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. This enzyme is responsible for the hydrolytic cleavage of glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide. What is the function of lysosomes? What will their failure lead to in the cell?
A 26-year-old woman who is known to be 6 weeks pregnant presents with severe abdominal pain. An ultrasound is performed and demonstrates a corpus luteum cyst. The following figure is obtained from the biopsy of the cyst. What is the function of the organelle indicated by the arrow?
A 54-year-old man underwent gastroscopy (endoscopy of the upper digestive tract) for non-specific digestive disorders. The oesophagus and stomach appear macroscopically fine, but changes are only visible in the duodenum, where several samples are therefore taken for histological examination. The final diagnosis is peptic duodenitis, inflammation of the duodenum, which is a precursor to the development of the ulcer. This inflammation is usually caused by the in the stomach and increased production of HCl in the stomach, which is also increased in the duodenum. Among the features that can be observed histologically in this inflammation is hyperplasia (enlargement) of the Brunner's glands of the duodenum. What type of gland is this?
Colchicine is a highly poisonous alkaloid, originally isolated from crocus. It is a very effective mitotic poison that attacks the microtubules of the spindle apparatus, thus disrupting the correct course of mitosis. Some drugs (such as some chemotherapies) work by a similar mechanism by damaging the function or structure of microtubules. Which particular process is so disrupted during mitosis?