Govender v Minister of Safety and Security 2001 (4) SA 273

Makwanyane and Ex Parte Minister of Safety and Security: in re S v Walters 2002 (4) SA 613 (CC).

Soobramoney v Minister if Health, Kwazulu-Natal 1998 (1) SA 765 (CC)

S v Makwanyane and Another (CCT3/94) [1995] ZACC 3

value-based or teleological and comparative

contextual and textual

peremptory and directory

internal and external

the court suggested that the intention of the legislature could solve interpretation problems as a last resort when the contextual approach could not. The court thus partially recognised the value of the textual approach, but restricted its application to cases where the contextual approach had failed.

the court held that 'an alternative road' meant 'an alternative roadway' and not 'an alternative route'.

the court consulted a dictionary and discovered that the words ?an alternative road? was linguistically limited to a single ordinary grammatical meaning.

the court lamented that the President Jacob Zuma effected the e-tolling system unfairly and unlawfully.

Was confirmed by the Appellate Division in Administrator, Cape v Raats Rontgen & Vermeulen (Pty) Ltd 1992 (1) SA 245 (A)

Does not exist in our law as the courts have proved it to be untenable.

Was confirmed by Constitutional Court in

Only applies to original legislation