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Академічне письмо іноземною мовою (англійська мова)
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Below is the summary of an experiment. Read the summary and then choose which word correctly completes the heading.
Qualitative/Quantitative research
To investigate the effect of eating dark chocolate on stress levels, a blood sample was taken and the levels of stress hormones measured. After eating the chocolate, a second sample was taken and hormone levels measured again.
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct preposition.
Subsequently, the specimens were embedded ... methylmethacrylate.
Read the following extract and choose the form of communication it might come from.
... can be rapidly generated by lentivirus-mediated transgenesis. RNAi also holds great promise as a novel therapeutic approach. This report provides an insight into the current gene silencing techniques in mammalian systems.
Read the following extract from an ethical review of human research. Match a question to the section of the text (A, B or C) it is connected to.
Ethical Issues Checklist for Research Involving Humans
The aim of an ethical review of human research is to ensure that the subjects are not put at risk of harm, are not disadvantaged and are made aware that they may withdraw at any time.The process of ethical review concentrates on three main areas:A Gathering informed consentResearch subjects must be fully informed of relevant aspects of the research before agreeing to participate. Researchers should ensure that individuals are not pressured into participation through unequal power relationships, payments or inducements.B Protection of privacy and confidentiality of recordsThe research must protect the privacy and confidentiality of subjects and the data obtained from them.C Risk of harm to subjects or to groups in the communityIndividuals could be put at risk through the use of new or invasive procedures. They could also be harmed through damage to their cultural security or through processes which might expose them to discrimination or misrepresentation.Does this proposal involve:
Payments, other than reasonable recompense, to participants for their participation?
The sentence below describes a process in an experiment. Match the verb in bold in the sentence to the correct definition.
Devices in the two chimneys would filter out radioactive dust.
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct preposition.
Many bacteria, such as Bacillus spp., can be isolated ... insects.
Read the following extract from an ethical review of human research. Match a question to the section of the text (A, B or C) it is connected to.
Ethical Issues Checklist for Research Involving Humans
The aim of an ethical review of human research is to ensure that the subjects are not put at risk of harm, are not disadvantaged and are made aware that they may withdraw at any time.The process of ethical review concentrates on three main areas:A Gathering informed consentResearch subjects must be fully informed of relevant aspects of the research before agreeing to participate. Researchers should ensure that individuals are not pressured into participation through unequal power relationships, payments or inducements.B Protection of privacy and confidentiality of recordsThe research must protect the privacy and confidentiality of subjects and the data obtained from them.C Risk of harm to subjects or to groups in the communityIndividuals could be put at risk through the use of new or invasive procedures. They could also be harmed through damage to their cultural security or through processes which might expose them to discrimination or misrepresentation. Does this proposal involve:
Any form of physically invasive procedure on volunteer participants?
Read the following extract from an ethical review of human research. Match a question to the section of the text (A, B or C) it is connected to.
Ethical Issues Checklist for Research Involving Humans
The aim of an ethical review of human research is to ensure that the subjects are not put at risk of harm, are not disadvantaged and are made aware that they may withdraw at any time.The process of ethical review concentrates on three main areas:A Gathering informed consentResearch subjects must be fully informed of relevant aspects of the research before agreeing to participate. Researchers should ensure that individuals are not pressured into participation through unequal power relationships, payments or inducements.B Protection of privacy and confidentiality of recordsThe research must protect the privacy and confidentiality of subjects and the data obtained from them.C Risk of harm to subjects or to groups in the communityIndividuals could be put at risk through the use of new or invasive procedures. They could also be harmed through damage to their cultural security or through processes which might expose them to discrimination or misrepresentation.Does this proposal involve:
Ionising radiation (X-rays, fluoroscopy or radioisotopes)?
Read the following extract from an ethical review of human research. Match a question to the section of the text (A, B or C) it is connected to.
Ethical Issues Checklist for Research Involving Humans
The aim of an ethical review of human research is to ensure that the subjects are not put at risk of harm, are not disadvantaged and are made aware that they may withdraw at any time.The process of ethical review concentrates on three main areas:A Gathering informed consentResearch subjects must be fully informed of relevant aspects of the research before agreeing to participate. Researchers should ensure that individuals are not pressured into participation through unequal power relationships, payments or inducements.B Protection of privacy and confidentiality of recordsThe research must protect the privacy and confidentiality of subjects and the data obtained from them.C Risk of harm to subjects or to groups in the communityIndividuals could be put at risk through the use of new or invasive procedures. They could also be harmed through damage to their cultural security or through processes which might expose them to discrimination or misrepresentation.Does this proposal involve:
Use of questionnaires or interviews which may be linked to the participant at any stage of the research, including the obtaining of data?
Read the following extract and choose the form of communication it might come from.
Animal and in vitro studies suggest that aspirin may inhibit breast cancer metastasis. We studied whether aspirin use among women with breast cancer decreased their risk of death from breast cancer. This was a prospective observational study based on ...