This occurs when the flow of blood to the heart is severely reduced or blocked. The blockage is usually due to a buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances in the coronary arteries. Fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits, or plaques, can sometimes rupture and form a clot that blocks blood flow. A lack of blood flow can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle.

This is excessive body weight, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2. Diagnosis is based on body mass index. Treatment includes lifestyle modification (e.g., in diet, physical activity, and behavior) and, for certain patients, drugs or bariatric (weight-loss) surgery.