RNA

Proteins

Carbohydrates

DNA

Bacterial chromosomes have much more protein associated with the DNA than eukaryotes.

There is no difference between bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes.

The DNA molecules of bacterial chromosomes have a slightly different structure than those of eukaryotic chromosomes.

Eukaryotes have a single circular chromosome whereas bacteria have several linear chromosomes.

Bacteria usually have a single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotes have several linear chromosomes.

is an enzyme that lengthens telomeres

slows the rate of cancer cell growth

prevents the loss of centromeric DNA

speeds cell aging

splits telomeres

are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

are shorter for younger individuals

get shorter with each round of DNA replication

remain the same regardless of the frequency of DNA replication

get longer with each round of DNA replication

ligase, nuclease, and primase

hydrolase, nuclease, and ligase

DNA polymerase, helicase, primase

nuclease, DNA polymerase, and ligase

nuclease, DNA polymerase, primase

will trigger the cell to destroy the new strand, and replication will begin again

is virtually impossible, as the accuracy of DNA polymerase is such that errors almost never occur

can be repaired by the mismatch repair system

cannot be repaired, and a new mutation will invariably result

will almost certainly lead to the death of the cell

The two strands separate, and each one receives a complementary strand of RNA. Then this RNA serves as a template for the assembly of many new strands of DNA.

Ligase assembles nucleotides into Okazaki fragments. Then polymerase joins these fragments together into a DNA strand.

Helicases separate the two strands of the double helix, and DNA polymerases then construct two new strands using each of the original strands as templates.

The helicase modifies the DNA in such a way as to eliminate the affinity between the two strands.

Single-strand binding proteins bind the unwound DNA and prevent the double helix from re-forming.

The helicase pushes the two strands so far apart that they have no chance of finding each other.

DNA polymerase follows the helicase so closely that there is no chance for the strands to come back together.

ligase

primase

relievase

helicase

topoisomerase

nuclease

DNA polymerase I

ligase

primase

DNA polymerase III