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BNT 311 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER 2025 SEMESTER BLENDED 2.0 UNIT

BNT 311 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER 2025 SEMESTER BLENDED 2.0 UNIT

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Which scheduling strategy is most suitable for hard real-time tasks distributed across a network with unpredictable message latencies?

E. Hybrid least-laxity scheduling

B. Time-triggered scheduling

D. Priority aging scheduling

A. Rate-monotonic scheduling

C. Lottery scheduling

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In a distributed real-time OS, which approach ensures that tasks triggered by external events maintain temporal consistency across nodes?

C. Server-based scheduling

B. Round-robin scheduling

A. FIFO event queues

E. Randomized delay insertion

D. Global timestamp ordering using synchronized clocks

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Which type of real-time system architecture integrates both event-triggered and time-triggered communication in a distributed environment?

D. Hybrid real-time communication systems

B. Asynchronous broadcast systems

C. Fixed-priority bus architectures

E. Single-master bus systems

A. Purely synchronous systems

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Which communication protocol characteristic is MOST critical for enabling deterministic message delivery in distributed real-time systems?

A. Variable transmission rates

B. Bounded worst-case transmission delays

D. High average throughput

E. Packet retransmission on every lost frame

C. Use of TCP-like congestion control

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In fault-tolerant DRTOS design, what is the key benefit of active replication compared to passive replication?

A. All replicas process the task simultaneously, reducing switchover delay

C. Replicas execute only if a failure is detected

D. It reduces the overall CPU load across the distributed system

E. It eliminates the need for synchronization among replicas

B. Only one replica executes the task while others store checkpoints

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Which of the following best defines clock drift in distributed real-time systems?

E. Differences between logical clocks and message timestamps

B. Gradual deviation of local node clocks from one another over time

D. Loss of timestamps due to packet corruption

A. Sudden jumps in system time caused by node restarts

C. A failure of the master time server

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What is the main reason that distributed priority inheritance is difficult to implement in real-time distributed environments?

B. Priority inversion can span multiple nodes requiring coordinated priority adjustments

A. Priorities cannot be assigned globally

E. Distributed systems cannot use mutexes

D. Scheduling is independent of communication

C. Nodes do not share memory

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Which of the following is a major drawback of using logical clocks (e.g., Lamport timestamps) in hard real-time distributed systems?

B. They provide ordering but cannot guarantee real-time deadlines

D. They cannot operate in distributed environments

C. They require expensive hardware clocks

E. They delete event causality information

A. They require physical time synchronization

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In distributed real-time resource management, what is the main limitation of centralized resource allocation?

C. Excessive redundancy of resources

D. Local schedulers cannot override central decisions

B. Inability to detect node failures

A. Single point of failure and scalability bottleneck

E. No support for priority-based allocation

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How can differences in system clocks affect transaction consistency in a distributed banking system, and what methods can be used to minimize errors?

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