Antioxidant; cofactor in collagen formation

Bone growth and immune function

Vital for blood clotting and synthesis of bone proteins

Protects against free radicals

Macronutrients

are required in larger amounts and can be stored in the body, whereas

micronutrients are required in smaller amounts and must be obtained from the

diet daily.

Macronutrients

are required in larger amounts and are only found in animal foods, whereas

micronutrients are required in smaller amounts and are primarily found in plant

foods.

Macronutrients

are required in larger amounts and primarily provide energy and structural

components, whereas micronutrients are required in smaller amounts and

primarily support physiological processes.

Macronutrients

are required in larger amounts and primarily provide energy, whereas

micronutrients are required in smaller amounts and have no role in energy

metabolism.

It measures the amount of energy used during physical activity

It measures resting metabolic rate

It can be used to assess body composition, including fat mass, lean mass and bone mineral density

It measures the energy content of food

Glucose and galactose

Glucose and fructose

Fructose and galactose

Glucose and glucose

Intact proteins

Disaccharides

Amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides

Large polypeptides

The

energy the body uses to maintain essential functions at rest

The

amount of energy stored in the body after eating

The

energy the body uses during physical activity

The energy the body uses to digest, absorb and process nutrients from food

46 g/day (0.75 g/kg)

64 g/day (0.84 g/kg)

30 g/day

81 g/day (1.07 g/kg)

480

kJ

 512 kJ

444

kJ

612

kJ

A laboratory technique that directly measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production

A method that measures an individual's total daily energy expenditure from physical activity

A direct measurement of an individual's BMR under resting conditions

A predictive equation that estimates BMR using variables such as body mass, age and sex

The strength of evidence for performance benefits, safety considerations, and whether use is permitted in sport

The intended performance outcome, method of administration, and length of time the supplement has been available

The type of supplement, its primary physiological function, and the population it is intended for

The timing of supplementation, recommended dosage, and frequency of use by athletes