Treatment for James:

Name ONE drug that could be used to prevent fibrin formation and ONE drug that could be used to prevent platelet aggregation

For EACH of the two drugs you named in your response, also include in your answer the following:

• name the drug target
• explain how the drug produces its beneficial effects
• name one adverse effect for each drug

[8 marks, 8 minutes]

A 65 year old patient, James, has had atherosclerosis and stable angina for 10 years. He now suffers a myocardial infarction. His ventricles now only eject around 50 mLs of blood per beat compared to around 100 mLs prior to the myocardial infarction.

a) Explain, in lay language, the key events involved in the development of James’ atherosclerotic plaques. (6 marks)

b) What are the events that cause the transition from stable angina to a myocardial infarction? Include in your answer the key cell types and molecules involved. (4 marks)

c) Explain the impact of the myocardial infarction on James’ stroke volume. (2 marks)

[12 marks, 12 minutes]

As part of the Glucose Monitoring Workshop earlier in the semester, students collected blood glucose data after consuming a high-GI meal (pizza) following a 2-hour fast. This was compared to data from a previous cohort who had fasted overnight before consuming either a high- or low-GI breakfast.

1. Describe the key differences observed in the magnitude and timing of the glucose peaks between the high-GI meals. (2 marks)

2. Identify and explain two physiological or experimental factors that could account for these differences. (4 marks)

3. Explain how differences in fasting duration and study design might influence clinical decision-making. (4 marks)

Big Picture Question: Drugs for Obesity – Ethical and Practical Considerations

Choose any 4 of the following considerations to discuss briefly (2-3 sentences). Each discussion worth 2.5 marks.

• What ethical issues arise when drugs designed for Type 2 diabetes are used off-label for obesity treatment?

• What are the ethical concerns when drugs like Ozempic are used by individuals who are not clinically overweight?

• Do these drugs treat the root causes of obesity? What are we really promoting when we prescribe them?

• What are some disadvantages of these drugs (e.g., side effects, cost, equity in access)?

• What happens after someone reaches their ideal weight? Should they stop taking the drug? Is there evidence for long-term use or a maintenance dose?

• Some argue this issue is overcomplicated. Do you agree or disagree? Justify your answer.

Glucagon

receptor, GLP-1 receptor dual agonists have entered clinical trials. Their

combined mechanism of action includes:

Dual

Amylin receptor / Calcitonin receptor agonists are in current clinical

development. Their combined mechanism of action includes:

The

main mechanism of action of Orlistat is:

You must read all information provided to you in this quiz.

Having read ALL the information presented to you, will you willingly participate in the Week 8 Glucose handling workshop?

Please indicate if you have Type I or Type II diabetes.

Please indicate if you have an allergy to tape and/or bandaid adhesives.