Life is definitely not widespread in the universe outside of the Earth.

Life is definitely widespread in the universe outside of the Earth.

We don't yet know whether life is widespread in the universe or not.

Mercury

The Moon

Pluto

Mars

Earth

Venus

Mercury

The Moon

Mars

Earth

Less likely to contain olivine crystals on Earth.

More likely to contain olivine crystals on Earth.

FeNi metal sinks, but plagioclase and olivine

float.

Olivine sinks fastest, and both FeNi metal and plagioclase also sink.

Olivine sinks fastest, FeNi metal also sinks and plagioclase floats.

FeNi metal sinks fastest, olivine also sinks and plagioclase floats.

FeNi metal sinks fastest, and both olivine and plagioclase also sink.

Meltwater from glaciers on equatorial mountains in South America, flowing down rivers into the Pacific Ocean at that location, resulting in a cold zone in the Pacific Ocean.

Equatorial Ekman transport creating a low pressure zone at the surface of the ocean, which is filled by colder upwelling water from deeper in the ocean.

Equatorial Ekman transport creating a topographic high zone at the surface of the ocean, which is then cooled, as temperature decreases with elevation.

Surface winds from due North and due South blowing towards the equator from the North and South Poles, blowing cold surface water towards the equator. At the Equator this cold water has nowhere else to go, so it stays there as a cold band.

Icebergs from Antarctica, which are caught up in the Southern Hemisphere Ekman spiral, and drift northwards to melt at this location, resulting in a cold zone in the Pacific Ocean.

Easterly

Winds

There

is no wind motion at all at the Equator.

Westerly

Winds

Southerly

winds

Northerly

winds

One

quarter

One

fifth

One

third

One

half

All

of it