SNAP 25

Dynamin

Clathrin

Neurnexin

Neuroligin

Higher affinity processes in use of Ca⁺⁺

Longer binding time of transmitter to receptor

Faster Clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Slower AChEsterase action

More inefficient use of Ca⁺⁺ 

To tether and then dock vesicles of transmitter

To allow the vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane

To link up across the synapse to promote synaptic efficiency

To move Ca⁺⁺ from the active zone to the docking proteins

To cause the unzipping of the vesicles membranes when they fuse with the terminal membrane

Can be linked to G proteins and Tyrosine kinase to produce intracellular effects

Only form ion channels and are used for rapid signalling

Produce intermediate duration effects through actions on the DNA

Produce intermediate duration effects through membrane-bound actions on the DNA

Can act via ion channels, G proteins, Tyrosine kinase or DNA to produce intracellular effects

Gap junction

Flash point

Desmosome

Synapse

Tight junctions

Occurs through gap-junction channels.

Involves chemically-gated channels.

Always involves the flow of ions in only one direction.

Involves ion channels activating G proteins.

Occurs by the flow of ions through the extracellular fluid.

keratinocytes

gap junctions

neurofibril nodes

desmosomes

neurotransmitters

Undergo a conformational change on binding to ligand

Are coupled to a G-protein

Are made up of two or more proteins

Each type can only bind one ligand

Are located on the cell membrane

G protein coupled signalling mechanisms, Increased refractoriness and Decreased affinity

Pre-synaptic inhibition and Pre-synaptic facilitation

Activation of inactivation sites, Down regulation and Sequestration

Pre-synaptic inhibition and Post-synaptic inhibition

Activation of Desensitization sites, Increased refractoriness and Decreased affinity