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PHY2011 - Neuroscience of communication, sensory and control systems - S1 2025

PHY2011 - Neuroscience of communication, sensory and control systems - S1 2025

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Muscle Spindles:

Are believed to be monitors of muscle length.

Are concerned with providing the central nervous system with information about potentially damaging stimuli to the muscle.

Are inbuilt monitors of muscle energy consumption.

Consist of a spray of nerve endings on strands of tendon.

Lie in series with muscle fibres and so are ideally sited to monitor muscle tension.

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Gamma efferent fibers innervate

dynamic nuclear bag receptors only

static nuclear bag receptors only

a, b, and c above

static nuclear chain receptors only

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The approximate conduction velocity ranges of group I a/b and group II fiberrespectively are

60-120m/sec and 30-60m/sec

60-200m/sec and 30-60 m/sec

50-70m/sec and 20-50 m/sec

100-120 m/sec and 50-100 m/sec

30-60m/sec and 15-30m/sec

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The Golgi tendon organ would be more likely to produce

Information about the change in length of a muscle during active contraction

Both of the options labelled *1 and *2 in the list of choices

A higher rate of discharge during passive stretch of a muscle

*2. Information about the power generated by a muscle during active contraction

*1-A higher rate of discharge during active contraction of a muscle

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Group Ib afferents

inhibit synergists and excite antagonists

excite agonist and inhibit antagonists

inhibit antagonist and inhibit synergists

excite the Ib inhibitory interneuron

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Tendon organs:

Lie alongside muscle fibres so are ideally placed to signal muscle length.

Generate impulses which are thought to inhibit motoneurones supplying the muscle in which they lie.

Are there to monitor dangerously high levels of tension in the muscle.

Are served by small myelinated or unmyelinated nerve fibres which signal the soreness from unaccustomed exercise.

Provide the central nervous system with information about the accumulation of exercise metabolites like lactic acid.

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Choose the MOST likely option below to be TRUE

tendon organs signal along type II afferents

the tendon organ is parallel with muscle fibers and signal change in muscle length

only nuclear bag receptors are innervated by gamma efferents

the spindle is in parallel with muscle fibers and signals change in muscle tension

dynamic nuclear bag receptors signal velocity of muscle contraction

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Which ONE of the following statements concerning muscle spindles is CORRECT?

The polar, striated portions of the intrafusal fibres are contractile.

They are arranged in series with the ordinary muscle fibres.

Impulses in the spiral sensory ending are set up by shortening of the ending leading to compression of the spirals.

They are most commonly located at the muscle-tendon junction.

Afferent volleys in 1A fibres inhibit the homonymous motoneurones.

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The purpose of alpha-gamma coactivation is

prevent the collapse of intrafusal fibers when extrafusal fibers contract

to make sure the extrafusal fibers contract to the correct length

so that the extrafusal fibers can detect changes in the length of intrafusal fibers

to make sure that muscle spindles are able to detect changes in muscle tension

to oppose the stiffness setting of the stretch reflex

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Which of the following is INCORRECT? In a motoneurone,

once generated, an action potential can travel both forwards into the axon and backwards into the cell body.

the cell body is unable to conduct all-or-nothing action potentials.

synaptic potentials are able to sum with one another.

synaptic potentials may be generated out in the dendrites.

the action potential is generated first in the axon hillock region.

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