TCFD

SASB

GRI

UN SDGs

Less transparency in decision-making

Increased short-term profit maximization

Reduced compliance with disclosure standards

Broader perspectives and improved stakeholder representation

Environmental

Governance

Financial

Social

Profit, Process, Purpose

Price, Productivity, People

Profit, Planet, People

Profit, Policy, Power

Cyclone damage

Flash flooding

Heatwaves and long-term temperature rise

Sudden bushfire outbreak

Managers prioritize personal gain over shareholders

Firms set long-term incentive plans

Investors diversify portfolios

Employees follow ESG reporting guidelines

High employee turnover in operations

Declining market share

Poor board oversight of cultural heritage risks

Rising supply chain emissions

High-frequency traders

Socially responsible investors

Hedge funds

Speculators in derivatives

Deontology

Agency theory

Virtue ethics

Utilitarianism

To build stakeholder trust and credibility

To reduce reporting frequency

To increase short-term returns

To avoid compliance requirements