The vascular smooth muscle will relax, and blood vessel diameter will increase, resulting in organ blood flow being maintained at a normal level

Angiotensin II will be released, causing vasoconstriction to prevent transmission of the increase in arterial pressure to the capillary bed.

This might be caused by a metabolically driven increase in organ blood flow following vascular occlusion

The vascular smooth muscle will contract. The resulting vasoconstriction will maintain blood flow to the organ relatively constant

increase in venous return

increase in cardiac output

decrease in blood volume

increase in heart rate

an increase in acetylcholine release at the sino-atrial node resulting in a decrease in heart rate

an increase in noradrenaline release at the sino-atrial node resulting in a decrease in heart rate

an increase in acetylcholine release at the sino-atrial node resulting in an increase in heart rate

an increase in acetylcholine release at vascular smooth muscle cells to cause vasoconstriction

blood pools in the vena cava

blood flow to the brain can decrease

fluid moves from the interstitial space into the blood compartment in the lower extremities

blood pressure will be maintained by carotid baroreceptor activation

increased total peripheral resistance (vasoconstriction) due to reflex increases in sympathetic vasomotor drive.

increased cardiac output due to salt and water retention by the kidney.

increased cardiac output due to the actions of hormones on heart rate and cardiac contractility

autoregulation of blood flow

Ventral tegmental area

Rostral ventrolateral medulla

Area postrema

Nucleus ambiguus

When the diameter of the vessel is doubled

When haematocrit decreases from 40% to 20%

When vessel length is halved

When the pressure difference between each end of the blood vessel is halved.

Higher stroke volume and higher cardiac output

Higher stroke volume and lower cardiac output

Lower stroke volume and higher cardiac output

Lower stroke volume and lower cardiac output

60

30

20

cardiac output/total peripheral resistance

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

diastolic pressure plus 1/3 systolic pressure

total peripheral resistance X stroke volume