Using examples from the Weekly Lesson, briefly

explain one of the ways in which human activities are changing hazards.

The increase in global average temperature is directly proportional to the total amount of carbon dioxide released since the start of the industrial revolution.

For many years the scientific community debates whether to specify the Anthropocene as a new geological epoch. Which of these were NOT considered as a marker of global human impact demarcating the beginning of the Anthropocene?

When you are happy with your map, click ‘Save Image’ and save your map in your file directory as a .jpg file. 

Upload your map file into the answer template below (click insert/edit image)

If this doesn't work, try to copy and paste (Ctrl+C, then Ctrl+V) into the answer box. Ask your tutor if you are having trouble with this step - Moodle is a bit clunky here!

Reflect on what the map you have saved shows in terms of the area impacted by these volcanic hazards.

a)     What is impacted by the lava flow hazard, and how might this change over time? Think in terms of total area (in km²), and land use type and/or infrastructure (e.g., residential area, trainlines)

b)    What is impacted by the ash fall hazard, and how might this change over time? Think in terms of total area (in km²) and the land use type and/or infrastructure (e.g., residential area, trainlines)

c)     Identify an environmental, social, and economic impact of both lava and ash fall hazard from Fujisan.

Hint: right click on each layer and go to ‘Properties’ (or 'Get Info') again. Then go to ‘Measurements’. You will then see both ‘Perimeter’ and ‘Area’ values for the layer, and you can change the units in the drop down menu next to them.

Compare three maps (handout) of volcanic ash (also called tephra) fall from Tarawera volcano, New Zealand (Thompson et al., 2015). Each of these display the same information, although it is presented differently. Discuss with your group which one you think is the easiest to understand, and why.

What do you think makes a good map? Discuss this with your neighbours and list at least four components here:

In groups, examine two volcanic hazard maps (handouts in the session) created for the same location — Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia (Parra and Cepeda, 1990). Can you pick what type of volcanic hazard map each one might be, terms of audience, information type, and scale? What is different about them: is one easier to understand than the other? Why or why not? Compare and contrast.

In the decimal degrees system, which hemispheres are ‘negative’, and which are ‘positive’?

Using Google Earth Pro, zoom in on the archipelago of Hawai’i. In the top tool bar (top left hand of the screen), go to ‘View’ and make sure that ‘Status Bar’ is clicked ON. Now place your cursor on any point, and then look at the bottom right hand corner of the screen. What is the latitude and longitude of the location your cursor is sitting on? Please provide your answer in degrees, minutes, seconds format.

Hint: Go to ‘Tools’ in the top left-hand corner >> click ‘Options…’ in the drop-down menu. You will see a new window with some information on some geographical options. Under ‘Show Lat/Long’, you should select ‘Degrees, Minutes, Seconds’ >> click Apply in the lower right of the window, and then your map should read you coordinates in degrees minutes seconds format. If you are using a Mac, click on the Google Earth Pro icon on the menu bar and select 'Preferences'