modifying the integration of EPSP's and IPSP's at the pre-synaptic axon hillock.

modifying the release of transmitter from an excitatory pre-synaptic neuron.

modifying the permeability of the post-synaptic neuron only to Na⁺.

modifying the ability of the post-synaptic neuron to respond to any of its inputs.

producing a smaller EPSP in the post-synaptic neuron.

Increased release of neurotrnasmitter through pre-synaptic GPCR effects

Changes in neuronal post-synaptic adaptation over hours to days

The effect of pre-synaptic facilitation

Increased release of neurotrnasmitter through pre-synaptic 2^nd messenger effects

Changes in synaptic information transfer efficiency over hours to days

only by binding to membrane-bound receptors that form ion channels.

that are always a depolarization of the post-synaptic resting membrane potential.

only by binding to receptors that are protein complexes made up of five sub-units.

that may be a depolarization or a hyper-polarization of the post-synaptic RMP.

through receptors that selectively allow the movement of only one ion.

IPSPs take the membrane potential further from threshold

An IPSP is considered an inhibitory response

An IPSP is a hyperpolarisation

IPSPs increase the likelihood of a post-synaptic AP

IPSPs decrease the likelihood of a post-synaptic AP

They both modulate the docking proteins so that vesicles fusion in changed, even if in different ways

They both modulate the priming and docking processes for vesicles fusion, even if in different ways

They selectively modulate only specific inputs to target cells

They both modulate how neurotransmitter is produced and stored in the pre-synaptic terminal 

They modulate pre-synaptic terminal voltage-gated Na⁺⁺ levels

 G-protein activation in the presynaptic terminal

The is a large efflux of Ca++ from the presynaptic terminal

Voltage gated K+ ion channels are closed

Ligand-gated channels open to allow Na+ entry into the postsynaptic neuron

Synaptic vesicles bind to the postsynaptic membrane

Allow selective inhibition of only some inputs to a target neuron

Are forms of hard-wired synaptic plasticity

Illustrate the way in which modulation of pre-synaptic Ca⁺⁺ alters post-synaptic neural responses

Illustrate that synaptic signalling is subject to the influence of past activity

Allow selective activation of only some inputs to a target neuron

It allows for temporal but not spatial summation of post-synaptic potentials

It allows for a high degree of selectivity in what inputs the target neuron will respond to

It would produce a larger post synaptic response to all inputs

It would produce a smaller post synaptic response to all inputs

It allows for summation of post-synaptic potentials

Down regulation of receptor production

Sequestering receptors intracellularly

Altering the resting membrane potential of the cell

Binding of chemicals to alter receptor structure

Inhibition of vesicle fusion

The cholinergic AP

The EPP

The APP

The IPSP

The EPSP