H

J

I

B

F

It causes the influx of K⁺ ions into somatic nerve fibres

It is a spice found in chilli plants

It activates G proteins that can activate pain nerve fibres

It causes the influx of H⁺ ions into somatic nerve fibres

It binds to and activates TRPV1 channels

the terminals of Aδ and C nerve fibres respectively

superficial and deep body structures respectively

TRPV1 and mechanically-gated ion channels respectively

Spinothalamic tract and spinobrachial tract neurons respectively

TRPV1 and Serotonin ion channels respectively

Ultimately result in desensitization of the TRPM8 channel

Ultimately result in phosphorylation of the TRPV1 channel

Ultimately result in blocking of the TRPV1 channel

Ultimately result in desensitization of the TRPV1 channel

Ultimately result in desensitization of the Na⁺/K⁺ ion pump

Any particular temperature elicits only one type of sensation regardless of the previous starting temperature to which our skin is adapted.

A particular temperature elicits a sensation that is dependent on the skin adapted temperature.

For us to feel warm the skin temperature must always increase by the same amount.

Skin adapted temperature means you will always feel cooler when temperature decreases

Skin adapted temperature means you will always feel hotter when temperature decreases

Hot stimuli are now felt as Innocuous but cold stimuli are still felt as noxious

Stimuli that were previously noxious are felt as Innocuous

Ordinary tactile stimuli are not felt at all

Ordinary tactile stimuli can now be felt as painful

Cold stimuli are now felt as Innocuous but hot stimuli are still felt as noxious

That area turns bright red because of increased blood flow

That area becomes inflamed due to release of bradykinins and cytokines

That area turns white due to withdrawal of blood flow

That area swells up due to local oedema

That area evokes pain sensations to previously-innocuous stimuli