Glucose reabsorption

Tubular secretion

Pressure natriuresis-diuresis

Osmotic diuresis

Increased lung compliance

Improved ventilatory reserve

Reduced metabolic demand

Chest wall restriction and altered respiratory mechanics

Promotes glomerular hypertrophy

Reduces erythropoietin (EPO) production

Inhibits autophagy

Enhances removal of damaged cellular components

Maximum inspired oxygen 

Maximum energy used without oxygen 

Blood oxygen saturation 

Aerobic fitness 

Hormone-mediated sodium retention during exercise

Local metabolic and mechanoreceptor feedback from exercising muscle raising arterial pressure

Reflex inhibition of heart rate due to baroreceptor stimulation

Feed-forward increase in cardiac output via central command

Decreased left ventricular volume

Increased sarcomeres in parallel

Predominant pressure overload

Increased left ventricular chamber size and wall thinning

No Change

Large decrease

Small increase

Almost doubles

Ventilation-perfusion mismatch increases

Pulmonary gas exchange remains effective

Diaphragm fatigue limits ventilation

Arterial oxygenation drops significantly

There would be no difference between Trained and Untrained subjects in HR at 1 min or 4 min recovery.

Untrained subjects would have a lower HR at 1 min when compared to Trained

Trained subjects would have a higher HR at 1 min but not at 4 min recovery when compared to Untrained

Trained subjects would have a lower HR at 1 min and 4 min recovery when compared to Untrained

Baroreceptor unloading

Sympathetic activation only

Increased venous return

Withdrawal of vagal (parasympathetic) tone