A secretary receives a phone call from someone claiming that their manager is about to give an important presentation but the presentation files are corrupted. The caller sternly asks that the secretary email the presentation right away to a personal email address. The caller also states that the secretary is being held personally responsible for the success of this presentation. What type of social engineering tactic is the caller using?

A cybercriminal sends a series of maliciously formatted packets to a database server, which causes the server to crash. What do you call this type of attack?

What non-technical method could a cybercriminal use to gather sensitive information from an organization?

Employees in an organization report that they cannot access the customer database on the main server. Further investigation reveals that the database file is now encrypted. Shortly afterward, the organization receives a threatening email demanding payment for the decryption of the database file. What type of attack has the organization experienced?

Which of the following statements describes a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack?