A 4-year-old child with signs of prolonged protein

starvation is admitted to the hospital. The symptoms include growth

restriction, anemia, edema (pl. edemata), and developmental delay. What is the

leading cause of edema development?

In a laboratory experiment, a leukocyte culture was

mixed with staphylococci. Neutrophils engulfed and digested the bacterial

cells. How is this process termed?

A patient shows elevated levels

of LDH1, LDH2, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine phosphokinase. Which

organ is most likely affected by the pathological process?

A patient with diabetes mellitus lost

consciousness and developed convulsions after an insulin injection. What

concentration of glucose did he have?

A patient has been admitted to

the emergency department. The patient is in grave condition, unconscious, and

exhibits adynamia. The skin is dry, the eyes are sunken, and the face is

cyanotic. He presents with tachycardia and the smell of acetone from the mouth.

Test results show blood glucose 20.1 micromoles/L (normal range 3.3-5.5

micromoles/L), and urine glucose 3.5% (normal: 0). What is the most probable

diagnosis? 

A woman who had been strictly following the rice diet for a long time was

diagnosed with beriberi. Which

vitamin deficiency is responsible for the development of this disease?

There was a significant increase

in MB isoform activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MB) and LDH-1 (lactate

dehydrogenase 1). What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient presents with yellowish skin (=jaundice), dark urine, and dark-yellow feces.

Which substance is most likely to be elevated in the blood serum?

A 38-year-old patient is diagnosed with early-stage rheumatoid arthritis.

Which laboratory marker in the blood serum is the most important for diagnosing

this condition?

An infant develops

diarrhea due to inappropriate feeding. One of the major diarrhea complications is excessive loss of sodium bicarbonate.

Which type of acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur?