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The lymph nodes were enlarged in the vicinity of the infected wound. Histological examination revealed an increased amount of macrophages, lymphocytes, and lymphoid follicles in the cortical layer along with a large amount of plasma cells. What do these histological changes in the lymph nodes indicate?
A 30-year-old patient suffering from dysentery developed the signs of paraproctitis. What disease is characteristic of such local changes?
An 8-year-old child was admitted to the infectious department with a fever up to 38 and a bright-red punctuate skin rash. The child was diagnosed with scarlet fever. The mucous membrane of the pharynx was apparently hyperemic and edematic. The tonsils were enlarged and had dull yellowish-grey foci with black areas. What type of inflammation caused such alterations in the pharynx?
The autopsy findings revealed a soft arachnoid membrane located on the upper parts of the cerebral hemisphere. The arachnoid mater was plethoric, yellowish-green, soaked with purulent and fibrinous exudate , and looked like a cap. Which disease are these findings typical of?
A patient died due to cardiovascular insufficiency. The autopsy revealed postinfarction cardiosclerosis accompanied by myocardial hypertrophy and dilatation of its cavities, especially the right ventricle. The liver was enlarged with a smooth and plethoric surface. The surface of the liver had dark against the background of brownish tissue. The central parts of lobes had hemorrhages, while the peripheral parts around portal tracts contained hepatocytes in a state of adipose degeneration. What are these liver changes called?
A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking for a long time suffers from cough accompanied by the expectoration of viscous mucus. He complains of fatigue upon physical exertion accompanied by skin pallor. The patient has also lost weight (12,0 kg). He is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological process that preceded the tumour formation:
During the autopsy of a man who had been suffering from alcohol abuse for a long time, the doctor revealed a small, dense, and knobby liver. On the microscopic examination, there were small pseudolobules, divided by thin layers of connective tissue with lymphomacrophagial infiltrates. The hepatocytes were in a state of globular fatty dystrophy. What was the most likely diagnosis?
A female patient suffering from bronchial asthma contracted a viral infection that triggered status asthmaticus (=acute severe asthma) with a fatal outcome. Histological examination of the lungs revealed spasm and edema of bronchioles. The doctor diagnosed an apparent infiltration of walls with lymphocytes, eosinophils, and other leukocytes as well as labrocyte (=mast cell) degranulation. What mechanism of hypersensitivity underlies the described alterations?
The body was delivered so as to perform the autopsy (=post-mortem examination). The person died from diffuse peritonitis affecting the distant part of the small intestine. In the course of the examination, multiple oval ulcers along the intestine were revealed. The fundi of the ulcers were clear and smooth. They were formed by muscular or serous linings. The edges of the ulcers were flat and rounded. There were perforations up to 0,5 cm in diameter localized in two ulcers. What disease might be suspected?
A patient afflicted by diabetes mellitus felt acute pain in his right foot. The thumb of his foot was black and foot tissues were edematous. There were foci of epidermal desquamation as well as stinking discharges. Which type of necrosis could it be?