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Elective_2nd year_Step 1_med

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A 35-year-old

man

sustained trauma to his left hand.  He was admitted to the traumatology department.

The

doctor found

: a cut wound located on the palmar surface of the left hand; the middle phalanges = phalanxes of II–V fingers do not bend. Which muscles are damaged?  

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A 45-year-old man with a domestic upper arm injury was admitted

to

the trauma unit.

The

doctor diagnosed: the absence of

extension, adduction or pronation of the arm. Wh

ich

muscle

was

damaged

?

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A 45-year-old

patient was admitted to the surgical department.

He complained

of abrupt sharp pain in the epigastric

region. After examination

, he was diagnosed with a perforated ulcer located on the

posterior wall of the stomach. Where did the

stomach content

s flow through the perforation?

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In

the course of

endoscopy,

the

inflammation of a major

duodenal

papilla

and disturbances of bile secretion were

revealed

.

Which part of the duodenum was affected?

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Examination of a newborn

boy's genitals revealed a urethral cleft that opens on the posterior surface of

his penis. Which developmental anomaly is suspected?  

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The patient was admitted to

the

hospital from the smelting workshop. He

suffered

from

hyperthermia. What is the leading cause of fainting

on condition that he sustained

a

 heat stroke?

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During an

operation on the hip joint

, a 5-year-old child had her ligament damaged which resulted in

bleeding

 (=hemorrhage). Which ligament was damaged?

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A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital. He complained of pain in the right subcostal region and

his

vomit was streaked

with

blood. It was revealed that he had an enlarged liver, varicose veins in

both the stomach a

nd esophagus.

Which

vessel is most likely dysfunctional?

             

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A 25-year-old

patient complain

ed

of

vision

 impairment. 

The

doctor diagnosed an a

ccommodation

disorder

 and

dilated pupil

s that

did not

 react to the light. Which muscles were affected?

 

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A 7-year-old child can neither

abduct the shoulder

nor

raise it horizontally. The child can raise the hand to the face only dorsally

with

the help

of

shoulder abduction (using supraspinous muscle). This condition can be described as "bugler’s arm". Which muscle has its active function absent?

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