activation of free radical lipid peroxidation

DNA mutation

dysfunction of mitochondria and energy processes

activation of membrane phospholipases

47, XX +21

47, XXY

47, XXX

45, XO

increased ammonium in the blood

decreased residual blood nitrogen

ketonemia

increased creatinine in the blood

increased fatty acid oxidation

increased synthesis of low-density lipoproteins

decreased formation of ketone bodies

increased synthesis of high-density lipoproteins

decrease in the relative density of urine

excretion of leukocytes in the urine (more than 200 per field of view)

the appearance of red blood cells in the urine

the appearance of a significant amount of protein in the urine

increased hemolysis of red blood cells

impaired conjugation of bilirubin in hepatocytes

acute necrosis of hepatocytes

violation of the outflow of bile

overhydration of the body

increased formation of primary urine

the appearance of granular and waxy casts in the urine

proteinuria

hypernatremia , hypohydration , acidosis

progressive azotemia, overhydration

hyponatremia , hypohydration

hypoglycemia, blood hypoosmolarity