1500-2000  ml

200 ml/day or less

2000-3000 ml

200-500 ml

patient history of obesity and exposure to other COPD.

anatomical abnormality and lung disease damage, impairing expansion.

previous lung disease and cardiovascular disorders.

smoking history and congenital defects.

increased compliance of lung tissue

decreased airway patency

decreased capillary blood flow velocity in the pulmonary circulation

decreased compliance of lung tissue

Periodic respiration

Kussmaul respiration

Tachypnea

Gasping

Veins

Elastic and muscular-elastic type of arteries

Muscular type arteries

Capillaries

A wide QRS wave

Periodic omission of a ventricular contraction

A prolonged PR interval

Spontaneous slow ventricular contractions, not coordinated with atrial contraction

familial hypercholesterolemia.

excluding saturated fats from the diet.

being female and older than 40 years of age.

leading a sedentary lifestyle.

limiting the time for a myocardial contraction.

completing ventricular filling.

allowing the ventricles to contract before the atria.

preventing an excessively rapid heart rate.

atrioventricular node

several ectopic foci represented by separate groups of atrial muscle fibers

ectopic focus located in the atria

sinoatrial node

increases to the maximum

reduces progressively

increases moderately

decreases to normal