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Introduction to Economics (2025_26)

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Consider this diagram. 

Suppose now that a firm can change this equilibrium by charging ALL consumers (from the first to the last) a different price, which is exactly equal to each consumer's willingness to pay. Based on this information, we can conclude (choose TWO):

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 The

following are the results of a survey of demand elasticity for low-calorie fruit

and vegetables:

Price per 100g

Typical spending

per week

Price elasticity

of demand

$0.36

$3.44

0.830

 

The total

expenditure of the consumer is $80 per week. Suppose now that the price of low

calorie fruit and vegetables increases by 10%. Based on this information, we

can conclude that:

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The

following figure depicts two demand curves, 

D1 (steeper) and D2 (shallower).

We can re-write the definition of elasticity from the textbook as:

So, it is equal to the negative of the product of two ratios: (i) price over quantity, P/Q, and (ii) change in quantity over change in price, ΔQ/ΔP, which is the slope of the demand curve. For both of the demand curves above, the slope is constant.

By convention, the demand curve is always drawn with Q on the x-axis, so as drawn, the slope of the demand curve is:

Which of the following statements is correct?
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Imagine a firm in a competitive market comes up with a new production method, which halves its marginal cost at all levels of Q. Fixed costs are unaffected. Which of the following statements are true?

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The

following figure depicts a firm’s profit-maximising choice at point

E, given the market demand curve and the

firm’s marginal cost curve.

The firm’s marginal costs are $400, $2960 and $4200 at output

levels Q = 0, Q* = 32 (point E)

and Q

0

= 48 (point F), respectively. Based on this

information, which of the following is correct?

Hint: Use formulae for areas of rectangles and triangles! (the area of a triangle is height*base/2)

You will not be able to answer this question without first doing some careful calculations!

For those of you who like to be precise, you can ignore the complication that cars can only be sold in discrete units!

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If the demand for a firm’s product is price

inelastic, this implies that

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A firm trebles its inputs and discovers that its output rises by a factor of four. Assuming constant factor prices, this implies (choose TWO):
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Which

of the following statements is correct?

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In a competitive market with free entry and exit from the market a permanent rise in

demand will lead to

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Diseconomies of scale are present when...

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