7.7 billion 

7.5 billion 

8 billion 

7.3 billion 

A large proportion of the population are in their pre-reproductive years and are yet to have children.

A large proportion of the population are in their post-reproductive years and have already had many children who are currently in their reproductive years

Populations 15 years and under are less likely to use contraceptives in the future.

Populations 15 years and under are likely to have longer life expectancies in the future.

Increasing academic education amongst women lowers the birth rates because educated women have their first child at an older age.

Academic education has no effect on birth rates

Increasing academic education amongst men and women equally lowers the birth rates

Increasing academic education amongst women lowers the birth rate because educated women realize that they do not want to have children

China

Hong Kong

North Korea

South Korea

Taiwan

yes, because culture is always place-based

yes, because local forces such as symbolic meanings, values, ideas about religion, language, and sexuality are integrated with place 

no, because material consumption and the English language are becoming the cultural common denominator all over the world 

yes, because literacy rates are not consistent across all regions, so some people will be less affected than others by the influence of globalization 

no, because virtual networking has made place obsolete 

language branches

fusion language

lingua franca

dialect

a thing or artifact

a process

place 

language