Explain the endosymbiotic theory and summarize the evidence supporting it. Address the following points (3 point):

Definition – What does the endosymbiotic theory propose about the origin of eukaryotic cells?

Key events – Which organelles are believed to have originated through endosymbiosis?

Evidence – Describe at least three pieces of evidence that support the theory and provide one example of a modern eukaryotic organelle that supports this theory.

Name two classes of antimicrobial drugs and compare them in the following aspects (5 points):

Drug class name – Identify each antimicrobial class.

Targeted microbes – What type of microbe does each drug act against (bacteria, fungi, virus, or parasite)?

Mechanism of action – How does each drug interfere with microbial survival (e.g., inhibits cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, or cell membrane function)?

Example drug – Provide one example from each class.

Example disease treated – State at least one infection or condition each drug is commonly used for.

Most members of the domain Bacteria have been discovered.

The principle mechanism of the A-B exotoxins is that the A component binds to the host cell receptors to allow the B component to enter the cell.

Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell ________.

Most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies.

A drug that inhibits cell mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be more effective against ________.

Infections with some viruses may induce chromosomal changes that alter the growth properties of host cells.

Transduction requires a

________ to move DNA from one bacterial cell

to another

A persistent infection is one in which ________.