Requirement gathering

Program analysis

Forward design

Code refactoring

It is a relatively young discipline compared to established fields like civil engineering

It is more of an art than a science compared to other engineering fields

System complexity and interactions evolve faster than our ability to fully understand them

It is created by humans and therefore inherently imperfect

A type of software bug

A major checkpoint or event in the project timeline

A coding standard

A testing method

Improving code without changing functionality

Debugging

Testing code

Writing new code

Marketing metrics

Product metrics

Process metrics

Project metrics

Hardware performance

Number of programmers

Software size based on functionality

Code execution speed

Dividing the system into smaller, manageable components

Combining all functionalities into a single unit

Ignoring system requirements

Writing code without documentation

To execute the program faster

To eliminate testing

To reduce hardware cost only

To convert requirements into a structured solution

Execution time

Defect density

Requirement stability

Team productivity

Disk space

CPU usage

Network latency

Code complexity