A 25-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with sharp pain in the left lower quadrant. Patient history reveals that her last menstrual period was 10 days ago. Transvaginal ultrasound reveals a ruptured cyst on the left ovary. The sonogram also reveals approximately 100 ml of fluid in the pelvis, which is presumed to represent cyst contents and bleeding from the rupture site.

Where is this fluid most likely located in this condition?

On a routine checkup, a 14-year-old boy has a fasting plasma glucose of 115mg/dL and a two-hour postprandial plasma glucose of 170mg/dL.

Which is the most likely condition this child is suspected to have?

In a 39-year-old woman who just gave birth, chorionic villus sampling is performed, and genetic testing is assessed on the new-born. It indicates a defective transaminase.

Which coenzyme is most likely deficient in this case?

13. A 45-year-old man has progressive difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) and chronic heartburn. An endoscopy reveals a transformation of the lower esophageal epithelium from stratified squamous to columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

Which is the most likely diagnosis?

A 50 year old woman has low blood calcium level and vitamin D. Her physician advises her to take daily vitamin D supplements.

What is the single most likely value of the vitamin D in this condition?

A 24 year old man participates in a renal physiology experiment. He is given inulin intravenously. After 4 hours, samples from his blood and urine are obtained, and the following measurements are recorded:

· Plasma inulin concentration: 0.5 mg/mL

· Urine inulin concentration: 60 mg/mL

· Urine flow rate: 1 mL/min

What is the patient’s GFR?

In an experiment, a tissue culture preparation is subjected to oxidant stress. There are increased numbers of free radicals generated within this tissue cells.

Which specific enzyme, whose generation within these cells, is most likely to reduce the number of free radicals?

You have a patient with a sluggish citric acid cycle. Which is the most likely cause for this condition?

Adel is a 2-year-old boy brought to the primary health center by his mother. Adel is short for his age, has a bloated ’swollen’ belly and very thin arms and legs. In addition, he has sun burn-like skin lesions and lightly discolored hair. On being asked about his food, the mother states that Adel has recently been weened and that his present diet consists of sweetened drinks and rice with no milk included.

What is the single most probable diagnosis of Adel’s condition?

A 40 year old man is drinking a lot of water over one hour. His urine output is markedly increased.

What is the most likely mechanism leading to this condition?