Crowdly

to synchronize with the routers on the path.

to control the transmission rate.

None of the answers

to increase the packet processing rate.

Why might an application developer choose to run an application over UDP rather than TCP?

Because TCP may congest the network before it delivers all packets.

Because UDP delivers packets in order.

Because TCP delivers packets in order.

None of the answers, an application developer does not care about the transport layer protocol.

Because some applications do not need reliable data transfer service and UDP is faster.

The network layer encapsulates transport layer _______ to create network layer ______.

Frame, Datagram

Datagram, Segment

Segment, Datagram

Frame, Segment

Message, Frame

Message, Datagram

Message, Segment

Datagram, Frame

Which of the following statements correctly compares the Stop-and-Wait protocol with a Pipelined protocol in data transmission?

Stop-and-Wait has higher throughput than Pipelined protocols.

Pipelined protocols improve efficiency by allowing multiple packets to be sent before receiving acknowledgments.

None of the answers

Pipelined protocols are less efficient than Stop-and-Wait protocols in networks with a few links.

Stop-and-Wait allows multiple packets to be in transit at the same time.

The delay occurs due to the length of the physical link is ________.

Processing delay

Propagation delay

Transmission delay

None

Queuing delay

Hosts A and B are communicating using TCP. Host A transmits a segment containing 700 bytes of data to host B. At the time of reception, host B's receive buffer has 5000 bytes of available space. Assuming the process reads data from the buffer immediately after determining the Receive Window value, what will be the advertised Receive Window size by Host B after successfully receiving the segment?

5700

5000

200

1400

4300

700

Hosts A and B are using TCP for communication. Suppose Host A sends two segments, S1 and S2, back-to-back, with sequence numbers 1200 and 2000, respectively. Host B correctly receives both segments and responds with acknowledgments having acknowledgment numbers Y and 2500, respectively. What are the values of Y and the size of the data field in S2?

1200 2500

2500 800

500 800

2000 2500

800 1200

500 2000

1200 500

2000 500

Suppose two hosts, A and B, use a TCP (Reno) connection, where host A is transmitting a very large file to host B. The initial slow start threshold (ssthresh) of host A is set to 16. Suppose a timeout event occurs in round 7, and a triple-duplicate-acknowledgment event occurs in round 11. If no further packet loss occurs after round 11, in which transmission round will host A send its 100th packet?

Suppose two hosts, A and B, are using a pipelined protocol as the transport layer protocol. For host A, it takes 1 millisecond to transmit a packet into the link (that is, transmission delay = 1 ms). The round-trip time (RTT) between A and B is 24 milliseconds. Assume that ACK packets have negligible length, the window size is N = 5, and the link is reliable, meaning no segments are lost. What is the channel/sender utilization?

0.1

0.2

0.33

0.7

0.5