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moodle.nu.edu.kz
Software Engineering -Lecture,Section-1-Fall 2025

Software Engineering -Lecture,Section-1-Fall 2025

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In object-oriented programming, how is an object’s internal state typically handled?

It is private and accessed only through operations

It is stored in external databases

It is visible to all classes in the system

It is public and directly modifiable

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Architectural design acts as a bridge between which two processes?

Implementation and testing

Validation and verification

Requirements engineering and detailed design

System analysis and coding

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What is a common disadvantage of the Layered Architecture pattern?

Poor modularity

Performance overhead due to multiple layers

Difficulty maintaining data consistency

Difficult to reuse layers

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What is the purpose of requirements elicitation?

To understand and document customer’s needs and expectations for the system

To verify different design alternatives

To ensure that project scope stays fixed and no new requirements are added later

To prioritize the requirements and decide which ones will be implemented first

To verify customer’s requirements after the system is implemented

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What is the main purpose of creating context models during the early stages of system specification?

To show the dynamic behavior of the system in response to events

To decide on the system boundaries and its dependencies on its environment

To detail the object classes and their attributes

To generate executable code for the system

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Which of the following lists the three main stages of software testing?

Validation testing, defect testing, system testing

Alpha testing, beta testing, acceptance testing

Development testing, release testing, user testing

Integration testing, performance testing, acceptance testing

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In safety engineering terminology, what is the definition of a hazard?

A measure of the loss resulting from a mishap.

A condition with the potential for causing or contributing to an accident.

An unplanned event that results in human death or injury.

A measure of the probability that the system will cause an accident.

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What is not the key principle of the Agile Manifesto?

Individuals and interactions over processes and tools

Working software over comprehensive documentation

Shared understanding over detailed specification

Responding to change over following a plan

Customer collaboration over contract negotiation

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Which of the following statements is TRUE about the spiral model in contrast to the waterfall model?

The spiral model combines change avoidance with change tolerance through risk-driven iterations.

The spiral model avoids change entirely by freezing requirements early.

The spiral model is only used for small, academic projects.

The spiral model eliminates documentation entirely in favor of rapid coding.

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What is the goal of stress testing?

To measure user interface response time

To test system behavior under extreme load conditions

To verify database schemas

To ensure user satisfaction

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