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The complementarity-determining region (CDR), also known as the hypervariable region of antibodies, is key in determining specificity. Which of the following statements is true?
During a secondary immune response, B cells can undergo "class switching" (isotype switching). Which of the following statements correctly describes this process?
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a rare population in secondary lymphoid organs but are abundant in peripheral tissues. They perform immune surveillance, immunoregulation, and effector functions without clonal selection and differentiation. Which one below is correct?
What can trigger acute inflammation?
Cytokines are small proteins that regulate cellular functions and are crucial for cell communication, especially during an immune response. Which statement best describes a specific function of cytokines?
The first line of defense against extracellular microorganisms consists of distinct components of the immune system, including neutrophils. It is essential for the immune system to respond promptly and effectively to pathogens in order to protect the body from disease. Which statement is correct regarding neutrophils?
During T cell maturation in the thymus, what is the specific purpose of "negative selection"?
Which of the following statements about the complement system is correct?
A long-lived immune cell can recognize a foreign antigen it has encountered before, enabling a faster and more robust immune response. This type of cell is called a memory cell. Which cells develop memory cells?
Which of the following combinations of biochemical constituents are actively utilized by macrophages within the phagolysosome to degrade and eliminate ingested microbes?