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MDE 151 Module of Social and Political Knowledge (Political Science) (Aida Baigarayeva)
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Which principle of democratic elections means that voters elect their representatives themselves, without intermediaries?
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Country Y has used first-past-the-post for decades, yet five parties regularly win seats in parliament. Two of them win seats only in one region, where most of their voters live. What is the best explanation for this situation?
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Which function of political parties is described by the word as a "bridge"?
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A newly independent country has many ethnic and language minorities living across its whole territory. Its constitution-makers want a parliament that mirrors the votes of society as closely as possible, so that small groups are also represented. Which electoral system best meets this goal?
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In Country Z, turnout among voters aged 18–29 is about 30%, while among voters over 50 it is about 70%. The government wants more young people to vote. Using the "calculus of voting" (R = p × B − C + D), which measure would most directly reduce the cost (C) of voting for young people?
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Which type of party, described by Katz and Mair (1995), is close to the state, relies on public funding and limits competition from outsiders?
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Aidana's favourite party is a small Green party. Her country uses first-past-the-post, and polls show the Green candidate has no chance in her district. To stop a candidate she strongly dislikes, Aidana votes for the candidate of a large party that is only her second choice. What type of voter is Aidana in this election?
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In the "calculus of voting" formula R = p × B − C + D (Riker & Ordeshook, 1968), what does D stand for?
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Which model of voting behavior, developed by the Michigan school (Campbell et al., The American Voter, 1960), explains the vote through a long-term emotional attachment to a party, often learned in the family?
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Country X elects 4 MPs in 4 single-member districts using first-past-the-post (FPTP). In every district Party Blue receives 45% of the votes, Party Green 30% and Party Red 25%. What will the parliament look like?
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