3NF

2NF

1NF

Attributes with same name only

Columns of one table

All tuples from both relations regardless of condition

Tuples from two relations based on a condition

EmpID as FK in DEPARTMENT

Create separate mapping table

DeptID as FK in DEPARTMENT

DeptID as FK in EMPLOYEE

Shared Lock

No Lock

Exclusive Lock

Timestamp

Every non-prime attribute is non-transitively dependent on every key

It removes multi-valued dependencies

It removes partial dependencies

Projection

Cartesian Product

Selection

Rename

Find the pid of all parts whose color is red.

Find the pid of all parts whose color is red and cost >= 1000 .

Find the pid of all parts whose color is red but not cost >=1000.

Provide a conceptual framework for data relationships

Represent how data is stored physically

Optimize query performance

Implement normalization

It has no duplicate rows

It has no transitive dependency

It has no partial dependency

It has atomic (indivisible) values in each cell