Automated cutting. Enables production of complex shapes and large variety of materials can be used.

Casting. Suitable for complex-shaped products, good dimensional accuracy and can provide vibration damping.

Forging. Technology is best suitable for complex-shaped products and provides good surface quality and high strength.

sand mold casting

shell mold casting

pressure die-casting

centrifugal casting

possibility to produce spherical parts

possibility to make seamless tubes

possibility to produce sheet metal

possibility to manufacture welded tubes

cold processing

requirement for workers with high qualifications

a narrow range of source material

complexity and high cost of tools

0,2 Tm

0,1 Tm (melting temperature)

0,4 Tm

recrystallization temperature 

higher dimensional tolerances

better surface quality and more precise dimensions

inferior surface quality

higher machining allowance

drawing

embossing

notching

deep drawing