b.

c.

e.

a.

d.

Heating causes the solution to be more uniform in concentration. 

Heating causes the carbonate to dissolve more quickly. 

Heating stops carbon dioxide escaping. 

Heating removes any carbon dioxide from the solution. 

backwards titration

reverse titration

back titration

redox titration

from the speed at which it reacts with acid

by determining the colour of the solution formed after dissolving the carbonate in acid

by measuring its molar mass and looking this up on the web

by measuring its molar mass and using this to select the carbonate from a list in the lab manual

Repeated measurements are clustered together, not spread out. 

The average value of the measurements is not significantly different to the true value of the quantity being measured. 

There were no mistakes made while collecting the measurements. 

The measurements are spread evenly with no outliers.

Repeated measurements are clustered together, not spread out. 

The measurements are spread equally higher and lower than the true value of the quantity being measured. 

The average value of the measurements is not significantly different to the true value of the quantity being measured. 

There were no mistakes made while collecting the measurements. 

the colour of the indicator in NaOH solution

the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution

the volume of the hydrochloric acid solution

the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution