Crowdly

Which of the following would not be characterised as a "bottom-up" extreme event?

A simultaneous high wind and strong rain event

A new all-time record daily maximum temperature at a particular weather station

A weather event that no-one can remember ever experiencing before

A heat wave and bushfire that caused massive property losses

An extreme storm reaching across three states in Australia

A rainfall event that was statistically well above normal

According to the climate-perturbations lesson, which of the following statements are not true?

Most of the changes to the radiative forcing of the Earth since 1750 are because of changes in the sun's irradiance

Overall, anthropogenic aerosols likely cool the Earth by reducing the natural greenhouse effect

Overall, anthropogenic aerosols likely cool the Earth by reflecting solar radiation

N₂O has a generally good effect on the Earth

Land use change has decreased the albedo of the Earth's surface

Which of the following is most true about 'the greenhouse effect'?

It was not clear that burning fossil fuels contributed to it until around 2007

It is not measurable, and rather represents an ideological position

It did not exist before the industrial revolution

Scientists were not clear that it was real until around 1970

It was first identified by scientists in the 1800s

According to figures and text in the lessons, during the last glacial maximum, vegetation was:

Different from today with more grassland and savanna globally

Not too different from today with similar vegetation in tropical areas

Covering much of the present Sahara Desert

Different from today with more forests globally

Here is an hypothetical scenario of atmospheric CO₂

concentrations:

Atmospheric CO2 time series for an hypothetical scenario.

Which of the emissions' shown below can cause this hypothetical scenario?

(Note the CO

₂

sink is shown in grey in each answer.)

Scenario of emissions: bump and then reduce close to sink values.

Scenario of emissions: bump and then flatten above sink values.

Scenario of emissions: reduce below sink values.

If we examine isotopes in an ice core, what does a decrease in δ¹⁸O mean?

A decrease in atmospheric CO₂

A decrease in temperature

More primary productivity

An increase in temperature

Which of the following describes the SAM?

The direction and strength of the Walker circulation

The strength and position of Southern Hemisphere westerly winds

The difference in pressure between mid and high latitudes

The variability of sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean

A multi-decadal oscillation of sea surface temperatures in the Northern Pacific

Compared to previous centuries of recent millennia, the global-mean warming over the last century was:

similar

smaller