51

50

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14

Number of students in multiple courses

Frequency of students in different classes

Comparison of average temperatures across cities

Relationship between study time and exam scores

bar graph

frequency polygon

histogram

multivariate graph

The variance  is the average of all scores. The standard deviation is the square root fo variance.

The variance is the square root of the standard deviation. The standard deviation is the average of all scores.

The variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance

The variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean. The standard deviation is the average of all scores.

Scatterplot

Pie chart

Histogram

Bar graph

both variables increase; both variables decrease.

the two variable change in the same direction; the two variable change in opposite directions.

both variables decrease,  both variables increase.

one variable increases, another variable decreases; both variables increase.

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3

1

2

the relationship between family income and student grades

there is no relationship between family income and grades

the relationship between family income and student grades is

the relationship between family income and student grades is

the data are raw scores.

the scale consist of separate, distinct categories.

the data are grouped frequencies.  

the data were obtained from a large sample.

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3

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