Precast concrete piles have less quality control

Prestressed concrete piles are difficult to shorten on site

Poor compressive strength

Expensive

Poor durability against water

i, iii and v

i and v

ii, iii, iv and v

ii, iii and iv

A 250-metre structure with 70 occupiable floors, in which the bottom 2 floors are retail, the top 3 floors consist of observation decks and a restaurant, and the remaining floors are office spaces

A 200-metre structure with 55 occupiable floors, in which the bottom 2 floors are used as retail and the remaining floors are office spaces

A 100-metre structure with 30 occupiable floors, in which the bottom 15 floors are hotel and the remaining floors are apartment units

A 200-metre structure with a 2-storey observation deck and also functions as a telecommunication tower

A 125-metre structure, in which 40 per cent of the height is an occupiable space, which is used as office and residential units

subsidence

settlement

underpinning

displacement

deflection

One of the advantages of replacement piles is that their length can be easily adjusted depending on ground conditions

Replacement piles are driven until the required depth is reached

It is referred as a replacement pile because existing material, usually soil, is removed and replaced by another material as part of the process

It is called a displacement pile because the installation method displaces the soil when the pile is introduced

Using a displacement pile will eliminate problems related to soil necking

Prefabrication leads to better quality

Flexible length

Less issue about material handling and driving stresses

Less noise and vibration than displacement piles

Can be made very large in diameter depending on needs

Being required to obtain a construction permit from the local council in the case of Australia

Incorporating sustainable technologies in its design

Containing technologies which may be attributed as being a product of “tall”

Being located in an urban environment

Passing a certain construction cost threshold as specified for the location

Drilling --> Design depth is reached --> Auger is withdrawn, while concreting takes place --> Concreting reaches the ground level --> Reinforcement cage is put in place

Drilling --> Design depth is reached --> Reinforcement cage is put in place --> Auger is withdrawn, while concreting takes place --> Concreting reaches the ground level

Drilling --> Reinforcement cage is put in place --> Design depth is reached --> Auger is withdrawn, while concreting takes place --> Concreting reaches the ground level

Concreting reaches the ground level --> Reinforcement cage is put in place --> Drilling --> Design depth is reached --> Auger is withdrawn, while concreting takes place

Auger is withdrawn, while concreting takes place --> Concreting reaches the ground level --> Drilling --> Design depth is reached --> Reinforcement cage is put in place

It increases the rent or sale price of residential units

The residential space has higher lift usage than the office space so should be isolated

The residential space requires smaller floor plates than the office space

It offers a better view for tenants