An 86-year-old is brought in by her daughter due to a week

history of confusion and inability to manage at home.  She has been living independently for the

last 12 months since being widowed, but in the last week there have been times where she has not remembered to take her medications or eat meals at the right time.  She was seen by the GP but at that point seemed reasonably good and the GP didn't think there was anything to worry about. Her daughter has no confidence in the GP

and hence brought her into the ED.

Which of the following in the history is suggestive of

delirium and not dementia?

A 22 -year-old man is brought in by police. He is physically

aggressive and has been restrained with handcuffs. In the ED, he continues to

be combative. Verbal de-escalation has been unsuccessful.

Which of the following is the most appropriate management?

A mother of 2 presents to the ED with insomnia and

restlessness. Her HR is 105/min, BP 124/80 RR 20/min Temp 37.8C. She tells you

she is so restless that she cannot work and cannot look after her children.

Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in

your management in the ED?

A 52-year-old man is brought in by ambulance to the ED. He

has been agitated and abusive to his neighbours. On review in the ED, he is

noted to be severely paranoid, claiming government is after him. Verbal

de-escalation in the ED is unsuccessful. 

Patient has agreed to take oral medication

Which of the following is the most appropriate medication to

use?

Which of the following is essential to his initial evaluation in the Emergency Department?