Lymphocytes

Erythrocytes

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Monocytes

has a diameter of about 15 micrometres.

lives on average for 280 days.

contains 75% haemoglobin.

uses the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to catalyse the reaction between carbon and oxygen.

develops from a committed myeloid stem cell.

Yolk sac

Bone marrow

Kidney

Spleen

Liver

increased; πp (or π_CAP).

decreased; πp (or π_CAP).

increased; Pc (or P_CAP).

decreased; Pc (or P_CAP).

unchanged; both Pc and πp, which balance each other.

Net water transport is independent of net (hydraulic) filtration pressure.

Urea diffuses across the wall down its concentration gradient.

Glucose is carried across the wall by active transport.

Glucose permeation is more than 1000 times faster than oxygen permeation.

Respiratory gases

permeate slowly, because they are lipid soluble.

decreased end-systolic volume and increased stroke volume.

increased end-systolic volume and increased stroke volume.

decreased end-diastolic volume and decreased stroke volume.

increased end-diastolic volume and increased stroke volume.

no change in end-systolic volume or stroke volume.

increases; increased ejection fraction.

decreases; decreased ejection fraction.

increases; decreased preload.

decreases; decreased heart rate.

increases; increased heart rate.

Stimulates thirst.

Stimulates cardiovascular sympathetic nerves.

Stimulates vasodilation.

Stimulates renal water and Na⁺ reabsorption.

Stimulates aldosterone release.

increasing renal (kidney) blood flow.

increasing cardiac parasympathetic nerve activity.

stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

decreasing thirst.

decreasing heart rate.

decreased peripheral resistance.

decreased left ventricular afterload.

increased stroke volume.

increased myocardial contractility.