Prioritizing aesthetics over social

responsibility

Integrating creativity with systems thinking,

research, and ethics

Specializing narrowly in one medium

Rejecting technology in favor of tradition

Replacement of physical making with

lecture-based instruction

Learning through workshop practice and

interdisciplinary collaboration

Focus exclusively on theoretical study

Separation of art and technology

Random design dilemmas solved by chance

Strictly technical problems isolated from

society

Wicked problems—open-ended and interdependent

issues

Simple problems with clear answers