If an airport has Apron and Ground, Apron is responsible for movements on the apron and Ground for movements outside the apron.

Which of the following are examples of correct phraseology?

You're observing at EDDN and see the following situation:

• Green calls for pushback and gets clearance to pushback facing east
• Some time later Orange, who's vacating the runway via D, calls up. GND instructs them to taxi to stand 12 via F, J and M3. It's been minutes since Green got their pushback clearance and they haven't moved yet.

A short while later the situation looks like this:

Green still hasn't moved and Orange has almost arrived at their parking position - so this situation was resolved correctly, right?

Do you have to include the pushback direction in the pushback clearance?

Taxi instructions must always be given up to the final clearance limit (holding point/parking position). Subdivision into several individual instructions is not permitted.

What is the correct phraseology to ask whether a pilot is able to depart out of an intersection?

Mark the stands that are taxi-out at Stuttgart airport (EDDS).

The apron controller is an assistant to the ground controller. The ground controller is the one who is in charge of all aircraft movements on taxiways.

What does the instruction HOLD SHORT OF N mean?

Which taxi instructions are incorrect and/or incomplete?