on an executable file means that commands run as the sudo that owns that file, rather than as the user that ran the command.

the executable file executes as the user that owns the file, not as the user that ran the file.

on an executable file means that commands run as safe mode user rather file mode of the user that ran the command.

on an executable file means that commands run as secure mode user rather file mode of the user that ran the command.

Daemons

jobs

system process

processes

allow systems to communicate in an unencrypted and insecure channel over an insecure network.

allow systems to communicate over an insecure network.

allow systems to communicate in an encrypted and insecure channel over an insecure network.

ls /tmp/saved-output | less

ls < /tmp/saved-output | less

ls -l  |  tee /tmp/saved-output | less

ls > /tmp/saved-output | less

ring

ping

call

link

ls ????

ls *4

ls ****

ls ?4

Bourne Agent Shell

Bourne Again Shell

Bourne Again Software

can read input or receive keyboard-generated interrupts from the terminal,

cannot read input but does receive keyboard-generated interrupts from the terminal,

waits for user input from the keyboard

cannot read input or receive keyboard-generated

interrupts from the terminal,

Count=50

echo {$Count}x

Count==50

echo ${Count}x

Count=50

echo $Countx

Count=50

echo ${Count}x

An address space of allocated memory

Security properties including ownership credentials and

privileges

One or more execution threads of program code

A process state

An address space of allocated memory

Security properties including ownership credentials and privileges

One or more execution threads of program code

The username of the process

An address space of requested memory

Security properties including ownership credentials and privileges

One or more execution threads of program code

A process state

Local and global variables

A current scheduling context