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BCSE303L Operating Systems (Theory) Fall 2025-26 (C1+TC1) [VL2025260101356]

BCSE303L Operating Systems (Theory) Fall 2025-26 (C1+TC1) [VL2025260101356]

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What is external fragmentation?

Disk fragmentation only

Wasted space between allocated memory blocks that prevents allocation of contiguous memory

Wasted space inside allocated memory blocks

Memory corruption across processes

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Which of the following best explains the effect of increasing swap partition or swap file size on system behavior?

It reduces disk capacity only

It provides more virtual memory headroom, reducing immediate OOMs but can lead to heavy swapping and poor performance if relied on too heavily instead of adding RAM

It always improves performance

It removes the need for tuning

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Which of the following is true about demand-d paging vs. eager paging?

They are identical

Demand paging loads pages only when referenced; eager paging prefetches or loads pages in advance which may avoid faults but increase initial I/O

Eager paging prevents any page faults forever

Demand paging always outperforms eager paging

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Which page replacement algorithm is theoretically optimal but not implementable because it requires future knowledge?

Optimal (Belady’s algorithm)

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Which of the following is an advantage of using asynchronous I/O with event loops for server workloads?

Avoids need for synchronization entirely

Efficiently handles many simultaneous I/O-bound connections with few threads, reducing context-switch overhead and memory usage

Simplifies programming always

Always outperforms multithreaded models for CPU-heavy workloads

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Which of the following best explains why the OS may use proactive memory compaction?

To increase swap usage

Consolidate free memory into larger contiguous blocks to satisfy large contiguous allocation requests (huge pages) and reduce fragmentation

To increase TLB misses

To delete files

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Which of the following best describes the concept of secure enclaves (e.g., Intel SGX) from an OS perspective?

Enclaves replace kernel entirely

OS ignores enclaves

Enclaves prevent context switches

Trusted execution environments provide isolated memory regions for sensitive code and data, reducing OS visibility and requiring special handling and attestation mechanisms

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Which of the following is true for cooperative multitasking?

It's impossible to implement on single-core systems

Each process yields control voluntarily, possibly leading to poor responsiveness if misbehaving processes do not yield

The kernel forcibly preempts tasks

Threads cannot share memory

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Which of these is true about device files in UNIX-like operating systems?

They replace user accounts

Special files (character and block device files) provide an interface to device drivers via file-like operations

They cannot be created by users

They are only used for regular files

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Which OS component is responsible for switching the CPU between processes?

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